Proposed Legislation Would Give Texas HOAs Power to Foreclose Without Court Assistance

San Antonio HOA Lawsuit Attorney Trey Wilson wrote:

Earlier this month, Rep. Kenneth Sheets (Dallas) introduced HB 2928. If passed, this bill would give Texas Homeowners Associations legal authority to foreclose assessment liens (for HOA dues and similar charges) non-judicially (on the courthouse steps) much like a mortgage lender or other lien holder.  Under current law (Texas Property Code Section 209.0092), Texas homeowners associations can only foreclose liens judicially -- by filing a lawsuit and obtaining a judgment. Obviously, lawsuits give property owners more due process (and consequently take longer and are more costly) than do Sheriff's Sales or similar non-judicial foreclosure processes.

The most significant aspect of HB2928 is that it does not require that a Declaration/CCR contain a provision authorizing a private power of sale as a condition of authorizing non-judicial foreclosure in Texas.  Essentially, the law would grant to Texas HOAs a collection remedy that does not independently exist either as a contractual right (CC&Rs are considered contracts in Texas) or as a covenant running with land in an HOA-governed subdivision.

Another troubling aspect of this Bill is that it seems to directly contradict brand-new law (effective January 1, 2012) concerning HOA foreclosures.  As part of the HOA Reform package of laws passed during the 82nd Legislative Session (2011), property owners were expressly granted the right to democratically  determine whether to amend their Declarations (CC&Rs) to prohibit non-judicial foreclosure: Texas Property Code Section 209.0093  is entitled "REMOVAL OR ADOPTION OF FORECLOSURE AUTHORITY," and provides:

" A provision granting a right to foreclose a lien on real property for unpaid amounts due to a property owners' association may be removed from a dedicatory instrument or adopted in a dedicatory instrument by a vote of at least 67 percent of the total votes allocated to property owners in the property owners' association.  Owners holding at least 10 percent of all voting interests in the property owners' association may petition the association and require a special meeting to be called for the purposes of taking a vote for the purposes of this section."

If adopted, HB 2928 would obviate this right of property owners to determine whether or not to authorize foreclosures by their HOA. In my opinion, HB 2928 favors Texas HOAs, at the expense of rights recently granted to homeowners.

Houston Area HOA Sues to Stop Individual from Acting as HOA

San Antonio HOA Lawyer Trey Wilson wrote:

The battle over who is the the "official" homeowner's association governing a Park Harbor community, has ended-up in the Houston Court of Appeals.

According to the Court, the Park Harbor Improvement Association, Inc., sued appellant, Mildred Dunn, for usurping its duties and attempting to act as the official homeowner's association governing the Park Harbor community at issue. The Association sought injunctive relief and a declaratory judgment that Dunn had no authority to act. Dunn counterclaimed for defamation and sought injunctive relief to prevent the Association from acting as the authorized governing body of the Park Harbor community.

On August 30, 2011, in three orders, the 234th District Court granted summary judgment in favor of the Association on all claims and denied Dunn's motions for summary judgment. The trial court declared that Dunn has no authority to act as the homeowners' association; has no authority to levy or collect assessments, dues, or fines and fees; and has no authority to file documents on behalf of the Park Harbor community with the Texas Secretary of State or the Harris County Clerk. In addition, the trial court permanently enjoined Dunn from taking various related actions.

On February 9, 2012, the Court of Appeals of Texas, First District, Houston, dismissed Dunn's appeal, deeming it premature. We'll continue to track this case.

Fourth Court Waters-Down Homeowner's Victory Against HOA

BOTH SIDES SWALLOW THE LION'S SHARE OF THEIR OWN ATTORNEYS' FEES

On December 7, 2011, the Fourth Court of Appeals in San Antonio released its opinion, on rehearing, in a case where a Bexar County jury punished a local HOA and its attorney for pushing too aggressively in its efforts to collect past due assessments. The case received extensive media coverage when the verdict was first rendered in June, 2010.

The suit, Hidden Forest Homeowners Association, Inc. vs. James Hern was originally tried to a jury before Judge Martha Tanner. Following trial, the jury returned a mixed verdict requiring Hern to pay around $946 in past due assessments, plus the HOA's attorneys' fees of $728.00. **Notably, the Association had asked the jury to award attorneys' fees in the amount of $25,000.00** The jury also found that the Hidden Forest HOA engaged in unreasonable collection practices, and violated its own restrictions by attempting to foreclose on Hern's home and take an individual judgment against him. The jury awarded Hern $11,000.00, denied Hidden Forest's request for judicial foreclosure, and ordered the HOA to remove its assessment lien placed on Hern's home.

The HOA filed an appeal seeking to set aside the award to Hern, and the measly award of attorneys' fees to the Association (which approximate less than 5% of the amount sought by the HOA). Upon analyzing the verdict, the appeals court found that the HOA did not breach its covenants, or engage in unreasonable collection practices. Accordingly, Hern's verdict for damages was reversed.

With regard to the collection efforts, the Court did add this proviso:

Although we do not condone Hidden Forest’s refusal to accept Hern’s prepayment and subsequent settlement offers, we cannot say that its collection efforts were harassing or outrageous. Hidden Forest did not repeatedly call Hern or send letters to his home or business.

The Court refused to side with the HOA in its claims that the jury's award of only $728.00 was against the great weight of the evidence, and should be increased to $25,000.00. Despite the fact that the HOA's attorney testified that he personally spent 75 hours on the case (at $250/hr) , his associate spent over twelve hours on the case (at $200/hr), and his legal assistant spent almost 26 hours(at $125/hr), the Fourth Court found that:

the jury was aware of the simplistic nature of Hidden Forest’s case, which merely sought to recover assessments that Hern admitted he had not paid. The amount Hidden Forest sought in attorney’s fees was more than 26 times the amount it recovered due to Hern’s failure to pay assessments. The jury could have rationally determined that 3.78 hours was a reasonable amount of time to expend in legal services for this case (dividing $728 awarded in attorney’s fees by Newton’s hourly rate of $250).

A full copy of the Fourth Court's opinion can be found here.

In the end, it appears that the HOA spent a bunch of time and money to collect an amount that the homeowner was willing to pay all along. Spending attorneys' fees chasing attorneys' fees is never a good ida, especially in the arena of HOA litigation. Not surprisingly, though, local media reports that both sides are claiming victory in this dispute.

Homeowner associations start foreclosures to collect dues

I was interviewed for this article, which appeared in USA Today. Unfortunately, I wasn't quited!


IRVING, Texas — Thousands of Americans who have generally kept up with their mortgages are still in danger of losing their homes because they made a fateful trade-off in this shaky economy: They let their homeowner association dues slide.
Many homeowners are learning to their surprise that condo and neighborhood associations that oversee security patrols, mow lawns, plant flowers and clean the community swimming pool might have the right to foreclose when dues aren't paid. That right is often written into the purchase agreement signed by the homeowner.

"We have compassion for those folks," says Andrew Schlegel, executive vice president for Merit Property Management, which manages more than 140,000 California homes in community associations. "At the same time, we feel for the rest of the homeowners who are paying their dues."

Most people end up saving their homes. HOA boards often work with down-on-their-luck neighbors to come up with some sort of compromise. That's what happened with Lacey Pilat, who lost her job catering lavish corporate parties and nearly lost her two-story house in this Dallas suburb.

The management company for the Beacon Hill homeowner association sent Pilat a foreclosure notice in April after several attempts to collect her $450 annual dues, which paid for the mowing of front lawns. The amount she owed snowballed to $1,800 after penalties and fees. The company eventually agreed to let Pilat and her husband, Steve, pay the debt over time.

Gauging the number of foreclosures nationwide by HOAs is difficult. But in Texas, foreclosure attempts initiated by HOAs in 19 counties are up 30% from two years ago, according to Dallas-based Foreclosure Listing Services. In the San Antonio area alone, foreclosure actions by HOAs jumped to 170 in April from 21 in April 2008, RexReport.com says.

In Florida, attorney Bob Tankel, who represents hundreds of homeowner and condo associations, says he has increased his staff from three to 16 in the past 18 months to handle a mounting caseload of 3,500 open collections. About one-fifth of those cases have reached foreclosure, he says.

In California, Schlegel says more than 6% of the homes that his company manages are in some stage of delinquency on membership dues, up from around 1% in previous years.

More than 59 million people live in more than 300,000 association-governed communities nationwide, according to the Community Associations Institute, the nation's largest group for homeowners and condo boards.

If the house is foreclosed on, it is sold, and the HOA takes what it is owed from the proceeds. Proceeds also go to the bank to pay off the mortgage.

By: Paul Weber, Associated Press