Recent Famly Law Change: No Written Designation by Child

The Texas Legislature made many revisions to the Texas Family Code during the 81st Legislative Session. Formerly, children age 12 and older could file a written designation stating which parent he or she would prefer to live with. While this preference was not binding on the court, the judge would consider it among other factors. Under the recent changes to the Family Code, if the child wishes to express a preference, the child must speak to the judge in chambers rather than submitting a written designation.

Geographical Restrictions and Relocation Issues in Austin and Travis County Texas

Geographical restrictions and relocation issues generally come up in three contexts: (1) at the time of a divorce or other Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship (“SAP-CR”), (2) during a suit for modification when one parent seeks to move or “relocate” and there is a geographical restriction which does not permit this move, or (3) where there is no geographical restriction – or the restriction is insufficient – to prevent the proposed relocation, and the other parent wants to prevent the relocation – also usually with a suit for modification.

Because of our rapidly changing world regarding relatively inexpensive video-conferencing options, the constant connectivity of the internet, and relatively quick airline options, the attitudes of Judges and our law has been changing – although slowly. Here are some of the basics regarding Geographical Restrictions and Relocation Issues in Texas.

A. Texas Public Policy.

The Texas Family Code sets out that it is the public policy of the State of Texas to:

(1) assure that children will have frequent and continuing contact with parents who have shown the ability to act in the best interest of the child;
(2) provide a safe, stable, and nonviolent environment for the child; and
(3) encourage parents to share in the rights and duties of raising their child after the parents have separated or dissolved their marriage.

Tex. Fam. Code § 153.001(a)(1). As a result, obviously, “frequent and continuing contact” between parent and child is more likely when the child lives nearby. This is the primary reason that Geographical Restrictions are imposed.

Also, on the subject of “frequent and continuing contact,” it should be noted that the Texas Family Code, Section 153.137, makes clear that the Standard Possession Schedule only constitutes a presumptive minimum amount of time that a parent should have with his / her child.

B. Best Interests of Child.

For decades the Legislature has made clear that Texas Courts should be primarily concerned in conservatorship and possession and access issues with what is in the “best interests of the child.” Tex. Fam. Code § 153.002. As a result, and because of the fact that there is sometimes a big debate between parents as to what is “best” for their children – especially when the parents reside in two different homes or come from differing cultures – there is much room for disagreement as to whether the Court should impose geographical restrictions, and whether a proposed move (or relocation) due to family, job opportunities, or other issues, will be deemed to be in the child’s best interest. However, we should keep in mind that this will ultimately be what the Courts are concerned about.

C. Who has the Right to Choose?

If a parent is appointed as the “Sole Managing Conservator,” or SMC, then this parent usually has the exclusive right to determine the primary residence of the child. Also, the individual who is appointed as the “primary” Joint Managing Conservator, or JMC, will also likely have the exclusive right to determine the primary residence.

It should also be noted that under the “Parenting Plan” provisions of the Family Code, the Final Decree granting conservatorship must either:

(1) establish a geographic area for the residence, or
(2) specify that the managing conservator may determine the residence without regard to geographic location.

Tex. Fam. Code §§ 153.133; 153.134.

D. Types of Geographical Restrictions.

The primary custodian is oftentimes restricted to a specific geographical region. Some of the more common restrictions are:

(1) mile limitation – say 100 miles;
(2) The County of the Suit;
(3) The County of Suit and “contiguous” or “adjoining” counties;
(4) The entire State of Texas; or,
(5) A specific city.

For example, in the Austin, Texas area, a common geographical restriction that courts might impose upon the primary conservator might be “Travis County or any county adjoining Travis County.” If this provision were part of your divorce decree it would mean that you could relocate to any home (house, apartment, condominium, etc.) within Travis County, or any county that abuts Travis County – these counties are: Blanco County, Burnet County, Caldwell County, Hays County, Lee County, and Williamson County.

E. Modification Lawsuits.

In the typical modification lawsuit, the Court is concerned with whether there has been a “material and substantial change in circumstances” in order to justify the change in terms. In suits for modification, it has been specifically held that a parent’s (or conservator’s) desire to move (or relocate) can be a material and substantial change in circumstances. Bates v. Tesar, 81 S.W.3d411, 430 (Tex. App. – El Paso 2002, no pet.). However, no every desired move will bring about a material change. Id. In determining whether the move is justified, and in addition to the “best interests” of the child as addressed above, the Court will look to:

(1) The distance of the proposed move;
(2) The proximity, availability and safety of travel arrangements.
(3) The quality of the relationship between the non-primary parent and child;
(4) The nature and quantity of the child’s contact with the non-primary conservator;
(5) The possibility that the relation would deprive the non-primary conservator of regular and meaningful access to the child;
(6) The impact of the move on the quantity and quality of the child’s future contact with the non-primary conservator;
(7) The motive for the proposed move (or opposing the move); and,
(8) The feasibility of preserving the relationship between the non-primary conservator and the child through suitable visitation arrangements.

F. Allocation of Relocation Expenses.

The Family Code allows for the court to allocate any increased expenses resulting from one conservator’s relocation. Tex. Fam. Code § 156.103. The allocation is to be made “on a fair and equitable basis, taking into account the cause of the increased expense and the best interest of the child.” Id. The statute creates a rebuttable presumption that any increased expenses should be paid by the relocating party.

G. Jury Issues.

It should be noted that not all issues arising in the context of a family law matter may be submitted to the jury; however, under Texas Family Code § 105.002, with regard to relocation, a party is entitled to a verdict by the jury and the court may not contravene a jury verdict on the issues of:

(1) the determination of which joint managing conservator has the exclusive right to designate the primary residence of the child;
(2) the determination of whether to impose a restriction on the geographic area in which a joint managing conservator may designate the child’s primary residence; and
(3) if a restriction is imposed, the determination of the geographic area in which a joint managing conservator must designate the child primary residence.

H. Remedies for Violation of a Geographical Restriction.

The Court can take action with respect to any parent who violates a geographical restriction. If the move is without the parent’s consent, the non-relocating parent could file a Habeas Corpus action commanding a peace officer or the conservator to produce the child to the Court. The Court can also use the geographical restriction violation to modify the Court’s order, including up to modifying conservatorship, or perhaps other potential modifications of the Order. Finally, the Court can issue a Show Cause Order, and hold a contempt hearing to determine whether punitive contempt (i.e. – incarceration or fine) is appropriate.

If issues relating to geographical restrictions are likely to come up in your Divorce or SAP-CR case, or if you expect to have issues concerning relocation matters, or a modification suit, you should hire an experienced family law attorney to help you with your case.

Representing yourself in a Divorce Case.

Personally, I would not attempt an engine overhaul in order to get my car back on the road. I might be able to read a book and get all the parts back together. I might be able to figure out how the valves, springs and all the other parts go back together, but it is likely that there will be mistakes. Sometimes reading the manual is not enough. There is a base of engine mechanics and theory that I am missing. So when it comes time to turn the key, will the engine turn over or will the car blow up?

Just as with the engine overhaul example, most pro se litigants (or those who choose to represent themselves) do not have a base of legal knowledge to know when something is missing, when something is incorrect, or when your rights are not protected. Rather than speaking in generalities or analogies, let me give you an example.

Part of the art of practicing law is to make something that appears to be innocuous but that is greatly slanted toward the attorney's client. Sometimes the danger is in what is not said, versus what is said. Here are two examples of things that can be left out of a Divorce Decree that can have a devastating effect on the rights of the unaware.

1) Most divorce decrees are drafted so as to foster a continued relationship between parent and child. As a result, attorneys will advocate for the placement of a geographical restriction in the Decree. Most judges will order a geographical restriction if there is a request as long as it is not unduly restrictive. A commonly used restriction, is that the custodial parent is restricted to their county of residence and "any county adjoining" that county. This type of restriction allows for reasonable movement, but prevents the custodial parent from leaving the State -- or even country -- with the child. As a result, even though it looks reasonable for the custodial parent to have the right to choose the primary residence, it would be view by most non-custodial parents as unreasonable for the custodial parent to move to the other side of the world. However, if there is no geographical restriction, this is just what could happen.

2) Most divorce decrees have a "Standard Visitation Schedule," or similar schedule. There is a reason for this. The Standard Visitation Schedule says that the schedule is what happens when the parents cannot "mutually agree in advance." This means that the schedule itself (i.e. - the first, third and fifth weekends) is only when the parents cannot agree. Sometimes an attorney (or a party) will omit the visitation schedule from the Divorce Decree in favor of a "feel-good" provision that the non-custodial parent will have visitation whenever the parties "mutually agree." Although this sounds good, this provision is basically worthless. So what happens when the parents disagree? Nothing happens. The visits only occur when the custodial parent wants them to happen. So if the custodial parent thinks the non-custodial parent does not need to visit, then no visit occurs.

As a result, if you are a non-custodial parent, and your Divorce Decree omits a possession schedule and has no geographical restriction, your spouse could move to any part of the world and completely deny you visitation. You would need to then sue to try to get the Court to order your spouse to move back. My point is this -- sometimes you read these legal documents and they appear to be fair; however, appearances can be deceiving. Get an experienced family law attorney and be sure.

Standard Visitation in Texas Divorce and Family Law Cases.

As codified in the Texas Family Code, the Texas Legislature has set out what is essentially the "recommended" visitation schedule for parents (and other conservators) in a Divorce or other family law cases (such as a Modification case, Paternity Case, or other Suit Affecting the Parent Child Relationship "SAP-CR" matter). The "Standard" Visitation Schedule is presumed to be in the best interests of the children for all children who are three (3) years of age and older. In setting specific visitation schedules, it is the policy of the State of Texas to: (1) assure that children will have frequent and continuing contact with parents who have shown the ability to act in the best interest of the child; (2) provide a safe, stable, and nonviolent environment for the child; and (3) encourage parents to share in the rights and duties of raising their child after the parents have separated or divorced. Tex. Fam. Code § 153.001.

It is important to note that the Standard Visitation Schedule is what is ordered when the parents cannot "mutually" agree to work out the schedule in advance. In other words, when the parents / conservators are unable to work out an agreement, Standard Visitation is what is ordered. Standard Visitation varies depending upon how far the children live from the parent who is exercising the visitation. The dividing line is 100 miles. If you have specific questions about the visitation schedule, you should look at the exact provisions that have been ordered in your case, because they might be different from the schedule as set forth below. However, current orders for Standard Visitation generally provide as follows:

_______________________________________________________

Parents or conservators who live 100 miles (or less) from the children:

▪ Weekend Visits – On the first, third and fifth weekends of each month from either when school lets out or 6:00 p.m. on Friday to either when school begins on Monday morning or 6:00 p.m. on Sunday, at the election of the visiting parent or conservator.

▪ Weekday Visits – On Thursday from either 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. or on Thursday from the time school lets out to Friday morning when school begins.

▪ Christmas Vacation – In even-numbered years from 6:00 p.m. on the day school is recessed for the holiday to 12:00 noon on December 28. In odd-numbered years from 12:00 noon on December 28 to 6:00 p.m. on the day prior to the day school resumes.

▪ Thanksgiving – In odd-numbered years from 6:00 p.m. on the day when school lets out to 6:00 p.m. on the Sunday after Thanksgiving. (Even-numbered years go to the conservator or parent who has the right to designate the primary residence of the child).

▪ Spring Break – In even-numbered years from 6:00 p.m. on the day when school lets out to 6:00 p.m. on the Sunday before school begins. (odd-numbered years go to the conservator or parent who has the right to designate the primary residence of the child).

▪ Each Child’s Birthday – On the child’s birthday from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.

▪ Father’s or Mother’s Day – On Father’s or Mother’s day from 6:00 p.m. on the Friday prior to Father’s Day or Mother’s Day (as applicable) to 6:00 p.m. on such day.

▪ Extended Summer Visitation – If written notice is given by April 1 – possession of the child for a total of thirty (30) days, provided that such visit must end at least seven (7) days prior to the end of summer vacation. If without written notice by April 1, possession from 6:00 p.m. July 1 to 6:00 p.m. on July 31. It should be noted that the other parent can designate one (1) weekend for possession during the summer by giving notice of the date by April 15 or upon 14 days written notice.

Parents or conservators who live greater than 100 miles from the children:
▪ Weekend Visits – Either as provided above, or by designating one weekend per month upon 7 day’s notice (either by written or telephone notice).

▪ Christmas Vacation – In even-numbered years from 6:00 p.m. on the day school is recessed for the holiday to 12:00 noon on December 28. In odd-numbered years from 12:00 noon on December 28 to 6:00 p.m. on the day prior to the day school resumes.

▪ Thanksgiving – In odd-numbered years from 6:00 p.m. on the day when school lets out to 6:00 p.m. on the Sunday after Thanksgiving. (Even-numbered years go to the conservator or parent who has the right to designate the primary residence of the child).

▪ Spring Break – Every year from 6:00 p.m. on the day when school lets out to 6:00 p.m. on the Sunday before school begins.

▪ Each Child’s Birthday – On the child’s birthday from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.

▪ Father’s or Mother’s Day – On Father’s or Mother’s day from 6:00 p.m. on the Friday prior to Father’s Day or Mother’s Day (as applicable) to 6:00 p.m. on such day.

▪ Extended Summer Visitation – If written notice is given by April 1 – possession of the child for a total of thirty (42) days, provided that such visit must end at least seven (7) days prior to the end of summer vacation. If without written notice by April 1, possession from 6:00 p.m. June 15 to 6:00 p.m. on July 27. It should be noted that the other parent can designate either one (1) weekend for possession during the summer if the visit is thirty (30) days or less, or two (2) weekends if the visit is more than thirty (30) days by giving notice of the date by April 15.

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It should be noted that under Texas Family Code § 153.315, if a weekend period of possession coincides with a school holiday during the school year (or a federal, state, or local holiday during the summer months in which school is not in session), the weekend possession ends at 6:00 p.m. on the Monday holiday or school holiday or (if applicable) will begin at 6:00 p.m. Thursday for a Friday holiday or school holiday, as applicable.

The parent or conservator may also elect (in the order at the time the Order is signed by the Judge) to have to have their periods of possession so-extended by Holiday begin at the time the child is dismissed from school.

If you have specific questions about how your Order or Divorce Decree works in any given situation, you should contact the attorney that represented you or an experienced family law attorney.

Ten Ways to Help Your Children Get Through Your Divorce

1) Do not insult or talk bad about your (soon-to-be-ex) spouse in front of, to, or around your children. This is harmful and detrimental to your children. In extreme cases, it is sometimes referred to as "Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS)." You should encourage your spouse to be the best parent that he or she can be, even if your spouse was not a particularly good husband or wife. Children need both parents; driving a wedge between your child and the other parent will do grave damage to both or may backfire and cause the child to resent you and defend the other parent. Sometimes the other parent simply withdraws from the relationship altogether; only in the rarest of circumstances is this good for your child. The majority of children charged with crimes in our juvenile justice system do not have the active involvement of both parents.

2) Do not involve your children in legal discussions. The financial and legal details of the divorce will only serve to upset and distress your children. Children should not be permitted to (over) hear your arguments and discussions about legal, financial, or emotional issues relating to the divorce. Children should not be informed about what is going on in court and generally should not be asked to make a decision to choose one parent over the other. Your children should not be encouraged to shuttle messages back and forth between their parents; instead, you should communicate directly, politely, and calmly with the other parent about any parenting issues (even if your spouse is rude or unresponsive with you). Never bring your children to Court without prior Court approval.

3) Do not dump your emotional baggage on your children. If you are angry with your spouse, have resentment toward your spouse, or are saddened by his or her actions, you should not discuss these extreme emotions with your children. Your child is not your friend, buddy, and certainly not your counselor or therapist. You are the parent and your children expect you to be in control at all times. If you are out of control, you cannot parent the way you should. Your children need you to be engaged most of all during this emotionally difficult time. If you need to discuss your feelings, hire a counselor or speak with a close friend or adult relative.

4) Reassure your children that both parents love them; tell them directly that the divorce is not their fault and that everything will be okay. In most cases, you should attempt to come up with a game plan (or "parenting plan") so that both parents can be actively involved in your children’s activities. Also, there are “parenting coordination classes” such as “Putting Kids First,” that can be taken to help you work with the other parent for the betterment of the children. Discuss any potential plans or agreements with your respective attorneys, and seek their input, but do not sign anything without talking to your lawyer first.

5) Try to maintain the status quo during the divorce as much as possible. The children have grown to expect such routines from you, and you will cause unnecessary stress if you decide to change all things that are familiar to them. If the divorce does not require moving them out of their house, changing schools, or moving to another city, it is not a good time to make these or other changes. If your children have friends they like to play with, family members that they want to see, or adults involved in their lives (that you approved of prior to the divorce), do not cut off those relationships simply because they may be "more friendly" with (or related to) your spouse. Your children should be encouraged to contact these people by telephone or email if they cannot visit in person. You must be the bigger person about these matters. Take the high road, rather than the low one that is so often traveled.

6) Never ever, ever introduce a new "significant other" into your children's lives during or even shortly after the divorce. This will confuse them, upset them, and will make them very angry and resentful. Take this time to concentrate on the children and building your relationship with them, rather than a new love interest.

7) Children should not be exposed to secondary smoke from tobacco. Children should not be present during the use or possession of illegal drugs. Parents must ensure that children are not transported in a motor vehicle by any person under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Your children deserve to be safe and secure.

8) Parents should discuss, agree, and then mutually enforce appropriate limitations concerning the use of cell phones, computers, video games, television, and similar electronic devices or modes of communication. You should include what ratings are acceptable for television, movies, and video games, as well as appropriate curfews or bedtimes.

9) Do not criticize the other parent. Do not permit, encourage, or allow your children to criticize the other parent. The other parent's failures in life (financial, psychological, relational, physical, emotional limitations, or legal problems) should not be discussed with the children, unless it is first brought up by the child, and only then after a discussion is had with the other parent about the nature and extent of the disclosures to be made to the children.

10) All children should have a place for their belongings in a room separate from their parents, at each parents' location. The children should be allowed to take a reasonable amount of belongings with them to the other parent’s home and they should always be permitted to return with those items that were originally in his or her possession, unless a prior agreement is made with the other parent in advance. The child must be permitted to have photographs, correspondence, and personal items from both parents in their personal space.

Children and Divorce

Divorce is difficult for everyone involved, but it can be an especially hard on children. However, there are ways parents can help their kids through these rough times. Author Max Sindell watched his parents divorce as a child. He has since written about his experience so that parents may better help their own kids. He has set out seven rights that all kids should have after a divorce.

1. The right to feel safe and secure
2. The right to awareness
3. The right to counseling
4. The right to be heard
5. The right to be independent
6. The right to remain neutral
7. The right to private communication

For more information see Max Sindell’s article, When Parents Part Ways: Smart Steps to Protect the Basic Rights of Children Dealing with Divorce, in the January 2008 edition of the Austin Family magazine.

Travis County's Standing Order regarding Children, Property and Conduct of the Parties

The Travis County District Courts have issued a "Standing Order" that applies automatically in all cases involving Divorce, Child Custody or Child Support, without the need for hearing, as soon as the case is filed. (See our "Links" section.) Among other items, the Standing Order prevents the parties from doing any of the following without seeking leave of Court:

• removing any children involved in the case from the State of Texas (directly or in concert with other persons);


• hiding the child from the other parent;


• changing the child's residence;


• withdrawing the child from school or day-care;


• threatening or harassing the other party;


• harassing the other party;


• incurring indebtedness;


• destroying, removing, concealing, selling, transferring, mortgaging, encumbering, or otherwise taking any action which would harm or reduce the value of either party's separate property or the parties' community property;


• making withdrawals from any checking or savings accounts for ANY purpose other than payment of reasonable living expenses for food, clothing, shelter, transportation, medical care and reasonable attorneys' fees;


• concealing or destroying personal and business records; and


• canceling or altering insurance policies.

Similar standing orders have been entered by several district courts throughout the State of Texas. As a result, it is always a good idea to check with your lawyer, or to consult the court's local rules, to see what orders may be in place before taking any action related to your children, assets, ar debts while your divorce, custody or support case is pending.

Major Changes to Texas Family Code related to Child Custody and Paternity!!

Effective September 1, 2007, approximately 375 changes were made to the Texas Family Code. Although too numerous to mention at length here, the vast majority relate to the parent-child relationship, including extended visitation schedules, amended child support guidelines, and enforcement/collection procedures related to child support.

Some changes regarding Visitation – the Leg acknowledges the global electronic revolution!

• Conservators can request reasonable periods of “electronic communication” with their child as a supplement to their Possession Schedule. In other words, parents who have difficulty communicating with or visiting their child may want to consider an order allowing them access via Web Camera, Internet Chat, email, or similar methods for a reasonable period of time to facilitate the parent-child relationship.
• The Standard Possession Order now provides for weekend possession throughout the entire year, rather than only during the school year.
• The date to exchange possession during the Christmas or Winter school holiday has changed from Dec. 26th to Dec. 28th.
• Conservators in the military who are deployed for a period of more than six months to a location where access to their child is not reasonably possible (such as Iraq or Afghanistan) can now designate a “proxy” who may exercise that conservator’s possession of a child.

Some changes regarding Paternity/Parentage:

• Sperm or egg donors are legally presumed to be a child’s “parent” unless the donation is made through a licensed physician for use in assisted reproduction.
• Effective January 1, 2008, a man who fails to register with the State’s Paternity Registry may have his alleged parental rights terminated without notice where the child is over one year of age.

The foregoing items are only some of the important changes made under Texas law affecting parents and their children. If you have not reviewed your orders or decrees in the recent past, we recommend that you consult with a family practitioner or seek other legal guidance regarding the possible effect of these statutory changes on your respective rights and duties.

Major Changes to Texas Family Code related to Child Support

Effective September 1, 2007, approximately 375 changes were made to the Texas Family Code. Although too numerous to mention at length here, the vast majority relate to the parent-child relationship, including extended visitation schedules, amended child support guidelines, and enforcement/collection procedures related to child support.

Essentially, all orders (including modifications) or decrees entered after September 1st will incorporate the following regarding Child Support:

• Income withholding for payment of child support is mandatory – no exceptions.
• Severance pay and “lump sum” payments (which arguably include commissions or regularly-scheduled bonuses) are now included in income withholding orders.
• Severance pay and “lump sum” payments (which arguably include commissions or regularly-scheduled bonuses) are now included in income withholding orders.
• The “cap” on the amount of child support awarded under the Statutory Guidelines has been raised, with an automatic adjustment to take place every six years. For example, the “maximum” monthly support (in the absence of extraordinary circumstances) for one child has increased from $1,200 to $1,500.
• In addition to child support under the Statutory Guidelines, “cash medical support” must be paid by the obligor if the obligee provides health insurance coverage for the child.
• Income withholding also governs any award of “cash medical support.”
• Child support for a high school student who is more than 18 years old will terminate if a court finds that the child has failed to meet school attendance requirements. The obligation of support will also end on the date that the child begins active military service.
• Any unpaid child support obligations become due on the date the obligor dies, and the obligation is payable by the obligor’s probate estate (although it can be secured by appropriate life insurance). Actions to enforce payment by the obligor’s estate can be brought in an appropriate family court.
• The deadline to bring an enforcement proceeding for any arrearage is extended to two years after the child support obligation ended.
• All state-issued licenses, as well as motor vehicle registrations, may be suspended and renewal may be denied if the applicant has failed to pay child support for several months. An unpaid arrearage may also prevent an obligor from receiving state grants, state loans or payments on state contracts.

The foregoing items are only some of the important changes made under Texas law affecting parents and their children. If you have not reviewed your orders or decrees in the recent past, we recommend that you consult with a family practitioner or seek other legal guidance regarding the possible effect of these statutory changes on your respective rights and duties.

FAQ regarding Divorce # 14: How much will I have to pay in Child Support?

This usually depends upon three things: (1) the number of children involved in the Divorce, (2) whether there are any children “outside of the marriage,” and (3) how much you (as the “Non-custodial Parent,” or NCP) earns. The general percentages applied to your “Net Resources” (but not your current spouse’s Net Resources) are as follows:

One Child 20%
Two Children 25%
Three Children 30%
Four Children 35%
Five Children 40%
Six + Children Not less than Amount for Five Children

The percentages are slightly less if you have other children that are “outside of the marriage,” in other words you pay a little less (but not much) if you have children from a prior relationship for whom you also have a “legal duty of support.” If you are paying child support regarding other children, or if you support other children who reside with you, then you would pay a slightly lower percentage of your Net Resources than under the preceding guidelines.

“Net Resources” does not mean “net income,” however. It is not calculated based upon what you actually receive in your paycheck, because you can change this yourself (i.e. – take out more for a 401k contribution, etc.). The Court will calculate this fictional “Net Resources” by subtracting out what a single person taking the standard deduction and one personal exemption would pay in taxes (Social Security and FICA). You can find these amounts in the Attorney General’s Child Support Tax Tables, which is located on their website. The Court will also subtract any amounts actually paid by you for health insurance for the benefit of the Child, but not the portion of your health insurance deduction that applies to your own coverage. The Court will also deduct any union dues that you must pay.

Also, you need to be aware that the Court will consider any other sources of income that you are entitled to receive, including commissions, overtime pay, bonuses, interest on savings, dividends, capital gains, royalty income, net rental income, annuities, pensions, severance pay, retirement benefits, disability or workers’ compensation benefits, social security benefits, and similar sources of revenue. Persons who are self-employed should be aware that the Court will not merely look to your “salary,” if any, but may consider any benefits allocated to you from your business or undertaking, after taking into consideration the ordinary and necessary expenses required to produce such income.

There is a “cap” on the amount of Net Resources to which the foregoing percentage guidelines can be applied. That amount, for cases filed after September 1, 2007 (but before the next cost of living adjustment in 2013) is $7,500 per month. This is the maximum amount of Net Resources that the Court will usually consider for purposes of calculating your child support obligation, even if your actual Net Resources are greater. For example, a person with Net Resources of more than $9,000 per month with one child would generally pay child support in the amount of $1,500 each month, calculated as follows: $7,500 times 20% = $1,500.

Sometimes, the Court will award more or less than the amount calculated under the statutory guidelines, but only in compelling circumstances (this is referred to as a “Variance”). As the name “Guideline” implies, this is the amount that will guide the Court – and the amount you usually will pay.