Austin Lawyer Tip: Retroactive Child Support.

In both Texas paternity cases and other Suits Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship “SAP-CR” cases (including Divorces), a Texas court may order so-called “retroactive” child support, or what is essentially back child support for periods of time in the past where child support was not ordered, but where there was a duty of support.

In a Texas paternity case, absent evidence that the prospective obligor knew about the obligation and “sought to avoid the establishment [of an Order],” the Court will presumptively limit the award of retroactive child support four years of support. Tex. Fam. Code § 154.131. In setting the amount of retroactive child support, the court shall consider the net resources of the obligor during the relevant time period and whether:

(1) Whether the mother of the child had made any previous attempts to notify the obligor of his paternity or probable paternity;

(2) Whether the obligor (Dad), had knowledge of his paternity or probable paternity;

(3) Whether the award of retroactive support will impose an undue hardship upon the obligor or his family, and

(4) Whether the obligor provided any actual support or other necessaries before the filing of the action.

In ordinary SAP-CR cases under Tex. Fam. Code § 154.009 (a), the Texas Courts can order a parent to pay retroactive child support if the parent:

(1) has not previously been ordered to pay support for the child; and

(2) was not a party to a suit in which support was ordered.

Notwithstanding Subsection (a), the court may order a parent subject to a previous child support order to pay retroactive child support if:

(1) the previous child support order terminated as a result of the marriage or remarriage of the child's parents;

(2) the child's parents separated after the marriage or remarriage; and

(3) a new child support order is sought after the date of the separation.

In these situations (as contrasted with paternity, above), the Court may order retroactive child support back to the date of the separation of the child's parents.

It is also significant to note that unless the Texas Office of the Attorney General was “a party to an agreement” which settles past, present, or future support obligations by prepayment or otherwise, an agreement between the parties does not reduce or terminate retroactive support when the Attorney General so requests.

Major Changes to Texas Family Code related to Child Custody and Paternity!!

Effective September 1, 2007, approximately 375 changes were made to the Texas Family Code. Although too numerous to mention at length here, the vast majority relate to the parent-child relationship, including extended visitation schedules, amended child support guidelines, and enforcement/collection procedures related to child support.

Some changes regarding Visitation – the Leg acknowledges the global electronic revolution!

• Conservators can request reasonable periods of “electronic communication” with their child as a supplement to their Possession Schedule. In other words, parents who have difficulty communicating with or visiting their child may want to consider an order allowing them access via Web Camera, Internet Chat, email, or similar methods for a reasonable period of time to facilitate the parent-child relationship.
• The Standard Possession Order now provides for weekend possession throughout the entire year, rather than only during the school year.
• The date to exchange possession during the Christmas or Winter school holiday has changed from Dec. 26th to Dec. 28th.
• Conservators in the military who are deployed for a period of more than six months to a location where access to their child is not reasonably possible (such as Iraq or Afghanistan) can now designate a “proxy” who may exercise that conservator’s possession of a child.

Some changes regarding Paternity/Parentage:

• Sperm or egg donors are legally presumed to be a child’s “parent” unless the donation is made through a licensed physician for use in assisted reproduction.
• Effective January 1, 2008, a man who fails to register with the State’s Paternity Registry may have his alleged parental rights terminated without notice where the child is over one year of age.

The foregoing items are only some of the important changes made under Texas law affecting parents and their children. If you have not reviewed your orders or decrees in the recent past, we recommend that you consult with a family practitioner or seek other legal guidance regarding the possible effect of these statutory changes on your respective rights and duties.